• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:DK200800149U1
    申请号:DK200800149U
    申请日:2008-07-14
    公开日:2008-08-08
    发明作者:Koldtoft Kristian
    申请人:P T V Holding Aps；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    in DK 2008 00149 U3
    The present invention relates to a window assembly made of profiles. Window collections are well known in the art, e.g. made of wood, aluminum, plastic and the like. The assembly usually comprises a frame in which means are provided for securing the frame within the opening contained in the building element, e.g. an outer wall. There is a frame inside the frame which can be opened in relation to the frame, whereby it is possible to access the exterior or create ventilation through the open window. The frame and frame are usually connected by hinges and a type of handle device which can usually also act as a locking device so that the window can only be opened from one side.
    Several of these product types are on the market and come in a wide variety of materials, shapes and so on.
    One of the aspects that some of these products try to improve and provide is improved insulation properties, as the cost of heating has increased dramatically and will probably continue to increase in the future. There is therefore a desire to better insulate houses, both with regard to the walls, but especially with regard to window and door openings.
    To create good insulation, it is necessary to obtain a very low U value, which is a measure of the amount of energy transmitted through a dement per square meter Kelvin (W / m2K). For typical so-called low-energy windows, the value U is about 1 or 1.1 to 1.3 W / m2K. It is, therefore, a common opinion that the glass part of the window assembly has obtained essentially the same insulation properties as can be obtained for other structural elements of a housing. On the other hand, the frame assembly in which the glass is mounted generally gives rise to an increased U value, such that the overall average for window openings will be greater than the value for the glass itself. This, in turn, means that the insulating properties of a window assembly are less than that of the glass itself, which in turn means that the frame causes a poorer insulation than could be desired.
    Another aspect is that in some areas of the world you have to reduce the amount of sunlight coming in through the windows, especially when large exterior areas of the building are covered with glass. The incoming sunlight also transmits a lot of heat to the interior of the building so that it is necessary to ventilate or use air conditioning to make the interior of such a building comfortable. It is also used to apply an outer foil which is heat reflective.
    For other buildings, where the relative glass area of the entire building's facade area is smaller, on the other hand, it may be desirable to allow as much sunlight as possible through the window openings to use the energy provided by the sunlight for heating, so that the passive heating from the sunlight can is utilized instead of providing heat from other sources. This aspect is called the Energy Balance (Erer) and is for traditional type windows using a traditional wood frame / frame construction, aluminum or plastic with two or three layers of glass separated by either a vacuum or an argon filled space, in the range of -50 to - 200 kWh / m2. By this property it is true that the lower the value, ie. minus 200 is very low, the less energy will be transmitted through the window. For those purposes where the window openings in the building facade make up only a small part of the entire area, it is desirable to have as high an Eref as possible.
    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a window assembly in which the entire structure is intended to provide as high an Eref as possible and at the same time good insulation properties.
    The present invention provides for this by providing a window assembly wherein the assembly comprises a frame adapted to be attached to another building element and a frame which can be opened relative to the frame and the frame comprises means for holding a window glass pane, e.g. double or triple-glazed windows where the panes are arranged parallel to a certain distance and the distance is maintained with spacers in which the profiles are made of a composite material comprising fibers and a resin.
    Use of composite material comprising fibers and resin makes it possible to make very flat and thin profiles due to the great strength of the material. Furthermore, the material is mainly flexible such that the brittleness commonly associated with high strength materials, due to the composite material comprising resin and fibers, is transformed into a high strength material with very tough characteristics, so that very flat and thin profiles can be used. for making window frames and frames, and which at the same time meets the requirements for strength for both open and non-open window collections.
    The composite material used in the present invention has very low thermal conductivity, which provides very good insulation, especially when the material is formed into relatively thin profiles.
    Furthermore, the composite material exhibits only minimal creep. PVC, which is also used in the manufacture of window frames and frames, when exposed to the environment, will exhibit a relatively high degree of creep. So much so that it is usually necessary to reinforce the PVC panels with steel shackles to address this problem.
    By using a strong material, a significantly larger effective area of the window opening is used for glass panes in the window and thus for access to the energy and passive heating from the sunlight. Furthermore, since the U-value of the glass can be selected very low as explained above, the entire U-value of the entire window collection including the glass can be kept at a very low value and substantially close to 1 W / m / K.
    In this context, it is also thought that composite profiles can be combined with wood profiles. It is particularly interesting on the side of the window frame / frame, which must face the interior of the building, because for aesthetic reasons it may be more desirable with a wooden surface, and wood that is not exposed to the outdoor environment has minimal maintenance requirements. At the same time, it is a relatively inexpensive material that exhibits good strength and insulation properties.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the extent of the window frame and frame in the plane of the window is between 40 mm and 55 mm, more preferably between 43 mm and 48 mm, and most preferably between 44 mm and 47 mm. By utilizing the strong composite material, including fibers and resin, it is possible to make very flat and thin profiles. In an entire window collection dimension range, ranging from 4 mm 2008 00149 U3 44 to 47 mm respectively in bottom, top and side profiles, only an area corresponding to substantially half of traditional frame / frame structures is needed. Furthermore, for aluminum / frame structures made of aluminum, it is necessary to design the profiles so that the cold bridge created by the very high thermal conductivity of aluminum is broken. If not broken, the energy balance between the outside and the inside will be severely affected as the aluminum frame / frame will tend to direct significant amounts of energy through the profile. By constructing these types of profiles such that the cold bridge is broken, usually rather clumsy profiles are produced, ie. profiles that occupy a significant portion of the available area of the window opening. Furthermore, manufacturing of such profiles incurs additional costs in assembling two or more different profiles around a core of high insulating material to break the cold bridge. However, due to the composite material and the design of the very flat and thin profiles, the present invention will facilitate this, as the composite material comprising the fibers and resin has very poor thermal conductivity properties, so that very good insulation properties are also provided by these profiles.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy balance Eref of a window assembly comprising a double-glazed window pane with two parallel 4 mm float glass panes separated by a 20 mm argon filled mm, with the window glass pane sealed, is greater than -35 kWh / m2 and more preferably greater than -25 kWh / m2 and most preferably greater than -20 kWh / m2. The described glass structure, comprising two parallel glass panes, each with a thickness of 4 mm float glass separated by a 20 mm argon-filled compartment, is a traditional construction of so-called low-energy panes, where the corresponding U-value is about 1.18 W / m2 / K. The variation in energy balance Erer is affected by the choice of seal used to separate the glass pane and at the same time keep the distance between the two parallel glass panes in the window glass.
    When an aluminum structure such as e.g. sold under the trade name Bendtec, the Eref for a window constructed according to the measures of the present invention is around -30 kWh / m, whereas when using stainless steel, the Eref is approximately equal to -23 kWh / m2 and the best results are obtained when the seal is a combined plastic and steel / metal foil seal, such that a plastic element is inserted between the rows to keep the distance, and a steel / metal foil / tape is used to seal the space between the two window panes hermetically. With this construction, the Eref is about -17 kWh / m2.
    Traditional values according to the report "Windows heat loss" published by Thomas Kampmann, November 2001 of the Rådvad Center, are Eref values for traditional designs comparable to the designs of the present invention, ie. with the same type of window pane when wood is used for the frame / frame construction, depending on the design and type of wood, in the range from -65 to -200 kWh / m2, and for traditional plastic profiles used for the window collection, the best measured Ercf values are even at three layers of glass about -50 kWh / m2.
    In connection with calculating, determining and defining the concepts that are included in the calculation and discussion of the energy balance Eref, reference is made to various norms and standards for the area, see in particular ISO 10077-2: 2003, the energy calculation program "uvindue" (www.uvindue.dk ~). DS / EN 673, DS 418, the program 'Therm 5' (http://nfrc.org/documents/NFRCSimman52iune%202003.pdf), and further information from various window suppliers, including especially Pilkington (the 'Tilkington Spectrum' program).
    The construction of the present invention achieves an Eref +3 +3 kWh / m2 with a lag three-pane glass pane separated by krypton gas (U = 0.58 W / mk), whereas standard double glazing (U = 1.15 W / m 2k) would result in an Eref18 kWh / m 2. Both values are specified for a 1230x1480 mm window. The corresponding total U-value of a construction according to the present invention is approx. 0.8 W / n ^ K. The window construction meets the requirements in Germany regarding insulation and light for a so-called "Passivhaus".
    It is therefore clear that there is a significant and much improved effect in utilizing the inventive window assembly of the present invention over other window assemblies.
    In this context, it should be noted that all values relate to the combination of frames / frames and glass panes.
    6 DK 2008 00149 U3
    The surprising effect of obtaining a positive Eref of approx. +3 indicates that for window sections constructed in accordance with the inventive principles of the invention, a possible contribution to the energy balance of a building is obtained. Testing, modeling and calculation were carried out by the Technical University of Denmark in accordance with Danish and European building standards. The results obtained exceed previously tested designs and the thresholds for insulation values set forth in the above standards.
    To further optimize the overall economy, the profiles are made by an extrusion or extrusion process. It promotes a fairly economical way of mass-producing the profiles, which can then be further processed for window collections.
    In a still further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fibers may be selected from glass fibers, carbon fibers, plastic fibers, preferably polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride based fibers, either only one type of fiber or a mixture of several types of fibers. Whether made of glass, carbon or plastic fibers, the fiber materials provide extra toughness to the matrix, where the strengthening component is the resin. In this way, a high toughness material of high toughness can be obtained which is suitable for the production of the inventive window assembly according to the invention. The combination of high strength and high toughness makes it possible to produce very flat profiles which, due to the fiber reinforcement, have high strength and high toughness.
    For particular purposes it may be advantageous to mix different types of fibers, e.g. Carbon fibers are extremely strong compared to plastic fibers, whereas plastic fibers can provide better thermal expansion and contraction properties than carbon fibers. Therefore, for certain purposes, a mixture of different fiber materials and fibers of different length can advantageously be used in the matrix.
    The material selection of this invention also allows frame / frame to be easily treated with water-based paints. It makes it possible to change the appearance of frames / frames as desired e.g. in the context of the rest of the house to be painted. Experiments show that painting the inorganic surface in this way can provide effective protection for up to 10 years or more. In comparison, wooden frames need to be treated every 3-5. year.
    In order to also provide a strong, yet economically interesting solution, the invention provides, in a further advantageous embodiment, a frame / frame construction wherein the frame member for holding the window glass panes is in the form of two total sectional profiles, a first sectional profile having substantially L-shape, such as that one leg of the L'et optionally comprises a drip nose and the other leg of the L'et comprises a built-in seal adapted to seal against the glass and a tongue or groove arranged outside the area where the glass is in contact with The L, and that the second sub-profile also has mainly L-shape, where one leg of the L extends a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the window pane and that a groove or tongue is arranged at the end of the leg for engagement. with the corresponding tongue or groove arranged in the first part profile, and that the second leg on one side of the leg is arranged to be brought into contact with the window glass and that the opposite e side is provided with a groove, in which groove a seal can be arranged. In this way, the frame can be very easily and very accurately arranged around the periphery of the window glass so that a very firm connection can be achieved between the glass and the frame, and at the same time standardized frame profiles can be used, so that when replacing e.g. the first sub-profile can be presented different appearance of the entire window collection at a very low cost.
    The frame gives the whole window collection its integrity and therefore needs to be made significantly stronger than the frame. For this purpose, the frame comprises a profile having at least one hollow, substantially rectangular section, and that on one side of the profile which will turn away from the frame during use is provided one or more recesses and which can be provided. means on the side of the profile which are in use on the inner side of the window assembly, where these means are suitable for attaching an inner window sill or a bench made of e.g. tree. As with most structures, the strength of the material is mainly provided by the outer areas of the material. Therefore, the advantageous profiles of the present invention can be made with a hollow interior which does not affect the overall strength of the structure, but which, on the other hand, provides improved insulation properties and a lightweight construction, which, when installing the windows in the buildings, provides additional advantage.
    The type of buildings where it is usually desirable to improve the passive energy inflow from the sun are typically older houses, and especially during the renovation of older houses, it is advantageous to replace existing old-fashioned windows with the inventive window collection of the present invention. As the overall design can be easier, and since this type of work is usually done from a scaffold, the overall handling of the windows by the staff performing the work can be facilitated. Furthermore, since the window assemblies are made of composite materials which can be molded or extruded in substantially any shape, with the integrity and internal strength of the materials being very large, traditional window designs of the present invention may be conceived such that similar frame / frame designs, merely slimmer, can be made according to traditional designs, so that both the benefits of lighter overall windows and higher energy balance can be achieved.
    Prototypes of the present window assembly have shown that the overlap of the part profiles of the frame profile can be advantageously held such that the legs of the L of the two part profiles arranged for engagement with the window glass overlap the glass by 2 mm to 20 mm, more preferably 4 mm to 15 mm, and most preferably 5 mm to 10 mm, and that the entire length of the overlapping legs of the L is from 10 mm to 40 mm, more preferably between 15 and 30 mm and most preferably between 18 mm and 25 mm. Therefore, compared to traditional window assemblies, the size of the inventive frame / frame assemblies of the invention is substantially reduced due to the use of the composite materials.
    A further advantage of the present invention is the ability to combine the composite profiles with wood elements.
    Architects have an urge to create buildings with larger and larger glass facades and often without visible supports or supporting structures. The large, often 6x6 m or 6x15 m façade sections are due to requirements of building norms and lack of interior strength in the window panels and / or frames / frames supported by steel structures.
    9 DK 2008 00149 U3
    Although the steel structures are optimized, they often produce aesthetically undesirable details. With the present invention, large facade sections of the above type can be created as independent self-supporting structures. This is done by preserving the outer profiles made of composite material and connecting these profiles with horizontal and vertical wooden elements which have a relatively slender cross section and thus a relatively high moment of inertia in one direction. The slim profile does not affect the overall Eref factor, and the architect therefore enjoys the large glass facade without interference from a steel structure, and at the same time the window sections are strong enough to meet the design requirements.
    Depending on the process by which the profiles are manufactured when the profiles are extruded or pulverized, other features may be added to the frames / frames. Antennas may e.g. are embedded so that the seamless opening / closing control of the windows can be facilitated or security systems can be embedded in the frames / frames.
    The material can also be given special characteristics. It is e.g. it is possible to add fire retardants to the material so that the overall frame / frame structure can be classified into a higher fire protection class.
    The invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a traditional window construction, and FIG. 2 shows a cross section through an example of a window assembly.
    In FIG. 1 shows a traditional formation bridge window. This window design is very widespread, especially in Danish four-to-large apartment blocks, built from around 1920 up through the 60s and 70s. The window comprises a window structure comprising a frame 1 and a frame 2. The frame can be opened relative to the frame 1, so that ventilation, ie. fresh air can be passed through the window. Means for opening the open sections of the window are provided with the handles 3. Due to the very flat design of the window assembly according to the invention in the example shown, the frame profile is so flat that it is not possible to arrange the opening mechanism 3 on the frame, as is otherwise usual to do. . For this purpose, the handles 3 can be attached to the glass itself in accordance with the principle of the applicant's co-pending Danish utility model BA 2004 00197, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
    A further advantage of this particular window design is the fact that the center section, which separates the four open window sections, can be made substantially slimmer than the traditional designs, so that even better Eref values can be obtained than is possible. with traditional designs of this type and such that the Erer values can be substantially greater than mentioned above when comparing the inventive window collection with the traditional window collections.
    Referring to FIG. 2, a cross-sectional view through a window assembly according to the invention is shown. The window assembly comprises a frame 1 and a frame 2. In the frame 2 is arranged a double glazing pane 4. The glass is made of two layers of float glass 5, 5 ”, which are arranged in parallel and separated by a spacer element 6. The spacer element can advantageously, as explained above, is selected as a plastic element 7 which is sealed with a seal / metal foil 8, thus obtaining the best Eref values. In the space between the two glass plates 5, 5 'there is a space 9. This space can advantageously be filled with an inert gas, such as e.g. argon. Frame 2 consists of two sub-profiles 10, 11. Both sub-profiles have mainly L-shaped configuration. On the first part profile 10 is provided a groove 12, in which a seal can be arranged for sealing engagement with the glass plate 5. At the second leg of the L', when the part profile 10 is arranged for use in the lower part of the window, a drip nose 13 can be arranged. there is another groove or groove 14, which groove is arranged to receive a tongue 15 arranged in the second sub-profile 11.
    The second sub-profile 11 also generally has an L-shaped configuration such that a leg 15 of the L is arranged to overlap and engage the window glass 5 'and that the second leg 16 of the L substantially extends the distance between the two glass plates 5, 5 'plus the seals found on each side between the L-shaped section of first and second profiles 10, 11. The second leg portion 16 of the second sub-profile 11 is provided with a tongue for engagement with the corresponding groove in it. first part profile, In this way, the two part profiles can be joined together to form the frame in the window collection.
    DK 2008 00149 U3 n
    The second sub-profile 11 may further be provided with a groove 17 which faces away from the plane of the window glass, in which groove 17 an elastic seal can be arranged to close the gap between the frame and the frame.
    The frame 1 comprises a first outer portion which is generally rectangular in shape 20 and surrounds a hollow inner space 21 which provides insulating properties. An additional, generally rectangular cavity 22 is provided to provide the necessary stiffness and size to the frame to accommodate the frame. A recess 23 is provided along the outer edge of the frame 1. The recess 23 is provided to insert a resilient flexible seal between the window assembly and the building component into which the window is to be arranged.
    In this embodiment, the first frame is further provided with means 24 for mounting an inner sole bench 25, in this example e.g. a wooden sole bench or frame, such that a traditional wood look can be provided from the inside.
    Although a specific example of the design of the inventive window assembly is described in detail, the scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims. In this connection, it should be noted that the composite material can be given any color and that filler materials or other materials can be introduced into the composite matrix to provide improved temperature performance or insulation properties.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    A window assembly made of profiles, wherein the assembly comprises a frame arranged to be attached to another building element and a frame which can be opened relative to the frame and the frame comprises means for holding a window glass pane, f. eg. double or triple glazed windows where the windows are arranged parallel to a certain distance and the distance is maintained with spacers, wherein the profiles are made of a composite material comprising fibers and a resin, and that the energy balance Eref for a window collection comprising a double glazed window pane with two parallel 4 mm float glass panes separated by a 20 mm argon-filled compartment where the window panes are sealed are greater than -35 kWh / m2 and more preferably greater than -25 kWh / m2 and most preferably greater than -20 kWh / m2.
    [2]
    Window assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the extent of the window frame and frame in the plane of the window is between 40 mm and 55 mm, more preferably between 43 mm and 48 mm, and most preferably between 44 mm and 47 mm.
    [3]
    Window assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the profiles are made by a pultrusion or extrusion process.
    [4]
    A window assembly according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the fibers can be selected from glass fibers, carbon fibers, plastic fibers, preferably polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride based fibers, either only one type of fiber or a mixture of several types of fibers.
    [5]
    Window assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the resin is a polyester or epoxy-based material and that filler materials can optionally be introduced into the material matrix.
    [6]
    A window assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame means for holding the window glass panes is in the form of two total sectional profiles, a first sectional profile having mainly L-shape, such that a leg of L1 may possibly comprise 13 DK 2008 00149 U3 a drip nose, and the second leg of the L'et comprises a built-in seal adapted to seal against the glass, and a tongue or groove arranged outside the area where the glass is in contact with the L'et, and second sub-profile also has mainly L-shape, where one leg of the L extends a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the window pane and a groove or tongue is arranged at the end of the leg for engagement with the corresponding tongue or groove, which is arranged in the first part profile, and that the second leg on one side of the leg is arranged to be aligned with the window glass and that the opposite side is provided with a groove in which groove a seal can be arranged.
    [7]
    A window assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the frame comprises a profile having at least one hole, substantially rectangular section, and that on the side of the profile which in use will turn away from the frame, is arranged one or more recesses, and means may be provided on the side of the profile which is in use on the inner side of the window assembly where these means are suitable for attaching an inner window sill or sill bench made of e.g. tree.
    [8]
    A window assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that the legs of the L of the two part profiles arranged for engagement with the window glass overlap the glass by 2 to 20 mm, more preferably 4 mm to 15 mm and most preferably 5 mm to And the entire length of the overlapping legs of the L is from 10 mm to 40 mm, more preferably between 15 and 30 mm and most preferably between 18 mm and 25 mm.
    [9]
    A window assembly according to claim 1, wherein the energy balance Eref of a window assembly comprising a triple glass window pane with three parallel 4 mm float glass panes separated by a krypton-filled compartment where the window glass pane is sealed is more than -5 kWh / m2 and more preferably greater than -3 kWh / m2 and most preferably greater than -1 kWh / m2.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    KR101482298B1|2015-01-14|Sliding system window for higher stories having al cover
    DK178445B1|2016-02-29|Profilplastelement
    US20120324806A1|2012-12-27|High R-Value, Removable and Transparent Window Insulation Panels
    Carmody et al.2012|Measure guideline: energy-efficient window performance and selection
    US8955270B2|2015-02-17|Window assemblies including bronze elements
    Valachova et al.2018|Using of aerogel to improve thermal insulating properties of windows
    DK200800149U3|2008-09-12|window Collection
    Mitchell et al.2003|THERM 5/WINDOW 5 NFRC simulation manual
    RU2620241C1|2017-05-23|Energy efficient light-transparent construction
    US20160108658A1|2016-04-21|Invisible window frames
    US10801255B2|2020-10-13|Insulating glazing with increased breakthrough-resistance and an adapter element
    EP1477632B1|2008-11-26|Casing of synthetic material
    Homb et al.2012|Energy efficient windows with cultural value. Measurements and calculations. Report
    EP1637685A2|2006-03-22|Window frame assembly
    KR20100082526A|2010-07-19|Glass panel having multi layer and system window comprising the same
    Ćehić et al.2016|Justifiability Installation of New Types of Window
    RU86641U1|2009-09-10|HEAT PROTECTIVE ANNE-HAZING GLASS PACKAGE
    RU2394976C1|2010-07-20|Heat-protective break-in protection insulated glasing unit
    CN205224969U|2016-05-11|Plastic steel inwardly opened window family
    McSporran2014|Properties and performance of vacuum insulated glazing
    RU2213193C2|2003-09-27|Glass block for openings in rooms
    EP2909412B1|2017-05-17|System of multilayered thermally-insulating glazing units
    Saber et al.2016|High Performance Roofing and Walls Technologies
    Jia2012|The reasonable ways to reduce heat losses from windows
    RU24497U1|2002-08-10|FIRE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK200800149U3|2008-09-12|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2008-12-12| UYA| Request for examination filed (utility model)|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DK200800149U|DK200800149U3|2008-07-14|2008-07-14|window Collection|DK200800149U| DK200800149U3|2008-07-14|2008-07-14|window Collection|
    [返回顶部]